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Last updated: 22 October 2026

Quick Answer

Tube Characteristics apparatus lets students plot how vacuum tubes and valves behave: diode, triode, tetrode, pentode and thyratron valve characteristics, a VR tube, the work function of a diode with Richardson's equation and the ionization potential of mercury, each with its power supply and meters, most with the valve or circuit diagram printed on the panel. JLab currently lists 8 items in this category, including an operational amplifier breadboard kit.

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Explore the Tube Characteristics Range

Range	Items	What it covers
Valve Characteristics Apparatus	5	Apparatus for the V-I characteristics of diode, triode (ECC82) and thyratron valves, the plate and screen characteristics of tetrode and pentode valves (6SJ7) and a cold-cathode VR tube, each with its power supplies and meters.
Thermionic Emission and Ionization Experiments	2	A work function kit for thermionic emission and Richardson's equation with power supply, three meters and diode valve, and an ionization potential of mercury apparatus based on a thyratron valve.
Operational Amplifier Kit	1	A breadboard operational amplifier kit with three 0-5 V DC supplies, a fixed ±15 V DC supply, sine, square and triangular outputs and two dual-range meters.

Tube Characteristics Specifications

The tables give the experiment, valve type, supplies or meters stated on each item's own page.

Valve Characteristics Apparatus (5)

Product	Specification
Diode Valve Characteristics Apparatus	DC supply: DC regulated power supply, 0–300 V DC / 30 mA; AC supply: 6.3 V AC / 1 A; Meters: Two meters, for voltage and current measurement.
Triode Valve Characteristics Apparatus with Stabilized Power Supply	Experiment: V–I characteristics of a triode valve at various grid voltages; Valve: ECC82; Power supply: DC regulated (type TE-3): 0–300 V DC / 30 mA, 0–25 V, and 6.3 V AC / 1 A.
Tetrode and Pentode Valve Characteristics Apparatus with Stabilized Power Supply	Experiment: Plate and screen characteristics of tetrode and pentode valves; Valve: 6SJ7; Meters: Five round meters for voltage and current measurement.
V R Tube Characteristics	Experiment: To draw the characteristics of a VR (voltage regulator) tube; Tube type: Cold-cathode tube containing gas at low pressure, which ionizes at a predefined voltage.

Thermionic Emission and Ionization Experiments (2)

Product	Specification
Work Function of Diode and Richardson's Equation Kit	Experiment: Work function of a diode (thermionic emission, Richardson’s equation); Supplied with: Power supply, three meters and diode valve.
Ionization Potential of Mercury	Experiment: V–I characteristics of a thyratron valve and derivation of the ionization potential; Meters: Two meters, for voltage and current measurement; Dimensions: 13 x 8 x 5 in (about 33 x 20 x 13 cm).

Operational Amplifier Kit (1)

Product	Specification
Operational Amplifier kit BREAD BOARD TYPE	Variable DC supplies: Three DC regulated power supplies, 0–5 V DC; Fixed DC supply: DC regulated ±15 V DC (fixed output); Signal outputs: Sine, square and triangular wave.

Who Buys This Range

College physics and electronics laboratories that teach valve and thermionic emission experiments, such as triode and pentode characteristics, the work function of a diode and the ionization potential of mercury, and analogue electronics practicals that build operational amplifier circuits on the breadboard kit.

Frequently Asked Questions

Which valve characteristics can be plotted with this range?
The V-I characteristics of diode, triode and thyratron valves, the triode and thyratron at various grid voltages, the plate and screen characteristics of tetrode and pentode valves, and the characteristics of a cold-cathode VR tube that ionizes at a predefined voltage.

What power supply does the Triode Valve Characteristics Apparatus use?
It has a DC regulated supply of type TE-3 giving 0-300 V DC at 30 mA, 0-25 V and 6.3 V AC at 1 A, with three round meters for voltage and current and an ECC82 valve.

What does the Ionization Potential of Mercury apparatus measure?
It plots the V-I characteristics of a thyratron valve and derives the ionization potential, using a 0-3 V DC supply at 50 mA, 6.3 V AC and 0-25 V at 500 mA, with two meters and the valve diagram printed on the front panel.

Request a Quote

Send the apparatus names and quantities, for example the Diode Valve Characteristics Apparatus or the Thyratron Valve Characteristics Apparatus, through the contact page.